In BC, Naturopathic Physicians have completed four years of post-graduate education at an approved Naturopathic Medical college. Naturopathic Medical education includes basic health sciences, naturopathic philosophy and treatment, and over 1500 hours of clinical experience. NDs view an individual person as an integral whole, and symptoms of disease are indicators of imbalance, toxicity and malfunction. A primary goal of treatment is to address the underlying cause of illness and to avoid treatments that might cause new illness and complicate the existing disease process. A Naturopathic Physician examines all aspects of a human being to determine areas of imbalance, toxicity, and malfunction, and uses natural medicines and therapies to rebalance, cleanse and restore function, and thus optimise health.